Dietary germanium biotite supplementation enhances the induction of antibody responses to foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine in pigs

We evaluated the potential ability of germanium biotite (GB) to stimulate the production of antibodies specific for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). To this aim, we measured the total FMDV-specific antibody responses and IgM production after vaccination against FMD both experimentally and in the field. GB supplementation with FMDV vaccination stimulated the production of anti-FMDV antibodies, and effectively increased IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha levels. These results suggest that GB may be a novel alternative feed supplement that can serve as a boosting agent and an immunostimulator for increasing the efficacy of FMDV vaccination in pigs.

Development of a peptide based latex agglutination assay for serotype identification of foot and mouth disease virus.

Out of 200 serum samples collected from cattle (142) and buffaloes (58) of various ages and sexand subjected to latex agglutination test (LAT) using serotype specific peptides (O, A, Asia 1) and also with peptide for non-structural protein 2B (NSP-2B), 114 (70%) samples were positive against FMDV type ‘O’, 102 (51%) against serotype ‘A’ and 104 (52%) against serotype ‘Asia 1’. With NSP-2B peptide a total of 71 (35.5%) samples were positive. The results suggest that LAT could be used for the diagnosis of foot and mouth disease virus as it is easy, cheap and effective test.

Enhanced immune response with foot and mouth disease virus VP1 and interleukin-1 fusion genes

The capsid of the foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus carries the epitopes that are critical for inducing the immune response. In an attempt to enhance the specific immune response, plasmid DNA was constructed to express VP1/interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) and precursor capsid (P1) in combination with 2A (P1-2A)/IL-1alpha under the control of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediateearly promoter and intron. After DNA transfection into MA104 (monkey kidney) cells, Western blotting and an immunofluorescence assay were used to confirm the expression of VP1 or P1-2A and IL-1alpha. Mice were inoculated with the encoding plasmids via the intradermal route, and the IgG1 and IgG2a levels were used to determine the immune responses. These results show that although the immunized groups did not carry a high level of neutralizing antibodies, the plasmids encoding the VP1/ IL-1alpha, and P1-2A /IL-1alpha fused genes were effective in inducing an enhanced immune response.

Kinetics of humoral immune response in pigs vaccinated against foot and mouth disease.

The present investigation was conducted to study the foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV)-specific humoral immune response (HIR) in pigs, following vaccination with oil adjuvanted foot and mouth disease (FMD) vaccine, upto 90 days post vaccination (dpv). For this, 40 Large White Yorkshire (LWY) pigs (20; one-year old female (gilts) and 20; three-month old piglets) were vaccinated @ 2 ml/animal, subcutaneously. Sera samples were collected at fortnight interval from all the animals. The log10 SN50 antibody titres against all the serotypes (Type O, A and Asia-1) were detected in both gilts and piglets from day 7 to 90 dpv indicating the persistence of HIR up to the last day of sampling. The maximum antibody titres were observed on 28 dpv, thereafter, titres started declining, but were present till 90 dpv against all the three FMDV serotypes. HIR was more pronounced in piglets in comparison to gilts, as group mean SN antibody titres against all the three FMDV serotypes were found to be more maintained and significantly higher in piglets.

Efficiency test for foot and mouth disease vaccine. II. Relationship between the C index in Guinea pigs and the mouse protection index

O exame da eficiência de seis vacinas antiaftosa, realizado com os testes "Indice Proteçäo Camundongos" e "Indice C" utilizando 15 ou mais cobaias por diluiçäo de vírus na titulaçäo, demonstrou a presença de boa correlaçäo e alta significância entre os resultados das duas provas. O valor do Indice Proteçäo Camundongos foi aproximadamente o dobro do valor do Indice C. Assim, o Indice Proteçäo Camundongos pode ser recomendado como teste de eficiência de vacians antiaftosa, principalmente quando se necessita de um grande número de provas, devido a seu baixo custo e facilidade de execuçäo, por usar exclusivamente camundongos

A pro-inflammatory effect of foot and mouth disease virus on immune and non immune guinea pigs

A estirpe O 1campos do vírus da febre aftosa (VFA) usada como agente indutor do teste de pleurisia foi capaz de desencadear um efeito pró-inflamatório em cobaias normais e imunes. A atividade pró-inflamatória do VFA, detectada em dois intervalos de pleurisia (24 e 48 horas) foi demonstrada, somente por quimiotaxia de leucócitos mononucleares (MN), no primeiro intervalo e por efeito edematogênico, migraçäo de MN e polimorfonucleares (PMN), no último intervalo de reaçäo. Os perfis de reaçäo inflamatória induzida pelo VFA em cobaias imunes (imunizadas com vacinas oleosas anti-VFAO 1 campos), aos 7 e aos 30 dias pós-vacinaçäo (PV) apresentaram intensidades mais baixas do que as observadas em cobaias normais, embora nas cobaias com 7 dias de vacinaçäo a quimiotaxia de leucócitos totais e de PMN tenha sido similar àquela encontrada nos animais normais, no intervalo de 48 horas de reaçäo. Ademais, nas cobaias com 30 dias PV, o VFA induziu um aumento significante no volume de exsudato e na infiltraçäo de MN, no intervalo de 24 horas, sendo que os valores de todos os parâmetros do exsudato inflamatório caíram a níveis normais, no segundo intervalo de reaçäo. Nas cobaias imunes foi observada uma associaçäo negativa entre o aumento no título de anticorpos soro-neutralizantes, de 7 para 30 dias PV e as intensidades dos parâmetros inflamatórios pleurais. O teste de pleurisia revelou-se um procedimento adequado para avaliar a atividade pró-inflamatória do VFA

Comportamiento de una vacuna antiaftosa inactivada oleosa para cerdos, producida en Venezuela / Behaviour of inactivated foot and mouth oily vaccine for pigs

Se realizó el estudio de una vacuna antiaftosa inactivada oleosa para cerdos (AFTO-VAC), a fin de conocer su comportamiento. Establecida su esterilidad e inocuidad se comprobó, mediante la prueba de fijación de complemento, que la vacuna fue elaborada con los subtipos O1, A24 y A32, y que los títulos serológicos eran de 1/6, 1/2 y 1/2 para cada uno, respectivamente. Para estimar la potencia de la vacuna frente a cada subtipo, se utilizó la prueba de Protección a la Generalización Podal (P.G.P.) en cerdos, considerándose satisfactorio cuando la protección alcanzó al menos el 60 por ciento de los animales confrontados. La confrontación se realizó con 100 dosis generalizantes 50 por ciento en cerdo, de virus patógenos de fiebre aftosa subtipos O1, A24, A32. Observándose 100 por ciento, 58 por ciento y 60 por ciento de protección para cada subtipo, respectivamente. Los niveles de anticuerpos circulantes en los cerdos al momento de la confrontación fueron determinados mediante la prueba de Protección en Ratón Lactante y expresados en valores de Indices de Seroprotección (I.S.P.). Estos resultados serológicos mostraron que bajos niveles de I.S.P. no necesariamente indican ausencia de protección